Abstract: Achieving common prosperity for all people represents an essential requirement of Chinese modernization. In this process, stimulating the internal drivers of development among the entire populace is particularly crucial, and enhancing household economic resilience plays a pivotal role. This study adopts household economic resilience as its analytical lens. Utilizing 2018-2022 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, we investigate the impact of social capital on household economic resilience. The results demonstrate that social capital exerts a statistically significant positive effect on household economic resilience, and this finding holds robust across rigorous regression analyses. Heterogeneity analysis reveals more pronounced effects in samples with higher household asset levels. This suggests that households with greater asset reserves are more responsive to the positive influence of social capital in maintaining their economic resilience. Consequently, the impact of social capital on economic resilience exhibits heterogeneity across varying asset levels.