Abstract: Encouraging forest farmers to adopt adaptive behaviors to withstand meteorological risks is important to strengthen the security of their livelihoods. With 713 survey data of forest farmers in Shanxi Province, we empirically analyzed the impact of effect cognition on forest farmers’ climate adaptation behaviors by using binary logistic model, and tested the moderating effect of technical training and support measures. The results showed that:（1） Effect cognition significantly promoted forest farmers to adopt climate adaptive behaviors, and effect cognition could increase the probability of forest farmers’ behavior adoption by 62.1%.（2） The positive moderating effect of technical training and support measures on the relationship between effect cognition and climate adaptation behavior of forest farmers was established, and the former had better results.（3） Effect cognition had a significant effect on the climate adaptation technology adoption behavior of forest farmers of different sizes, and the moderating effect of technical training and support measures was heterogeneous. Therefore, it is proposed to strengthen technical training and support measures, and formulate targeted assistance measures.