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中国森林生态补偿政策实施效果——基于CNKI等数据库的文献分析

Implementation Effects of China’s Forest Ecological Compensation Policy——Literature Analysis from CNKI and other databases

  • 摘要: 森林生态补偿是平衡生态保护与经济发展的重要政策工具,对提升生态系统服务价值与优化产业结构具有关键作用。现有研究多停留于理论层面,缺乏政策效果的量化测度与跨区域对比分析,且对多维效果时空分异规律的解构不足。基于中国知网(CNKI)与万方数据库,运用Cite Space对筛选的1988—2024年206篇文献进行系统分析,构建生态系统服务、政策工具与绩效评估三维框架。结果表明:政策显著提升生态服务价值(如高纬度地区固碳效益突出)并优化经济结构(促进劳动力非农转移与收入多元化),但存在区域异质性——西部生态脆弱区受限于补偿标准与修复成本失衡。据此提出构建跨区域协同机制,推进生态价值核算标准化与数字化监测体系,以增强政策精准性与可持续性。

     

    Abstract: Forest ecological compensation(FEC) policies serve as a critical instrument to reconcile ecological preservation with economic growth, enhancing ecosystem service value(ESV) and facilitating industrial restructuring. However, existing research remains largely theoretical, with limited quantitative assessment of policy efficacy, insufficient cross-regional comparative analysis,and inadequate analysis of spatiotemporal variations in multidimensional outcomes. This study systematically analyzes 206 peer-reviewed articles(1988—2024) from the CNKI and Wanfang databases using CiteSpace, constructing a tripartite framework encompassing ecosystem services,policy tools, and performance evaluation. Key findings reveal that FEC policies significantly elevate ESV(e. g., pronounced carbon sequestration benefits in high-latitude regions) and optimize economic structures by promoting non-agricultural labor transfer and income diversification. Yet regional heterogeneity persists: particularly in ecologically fragile western China where outcomes remain suboptimal due to mismatches between compensation standards and restoration costs. To address these disparities, we propose institutional innovations, such as cross-regional coordination mechanisms, standardized ecological valuation protocols, and digital monitoring systems, to improve policy precision and long-term sustainability.

     

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