Abstract: New productivity injects new momentum into the high-quality development of agricultural products through the innovation and upgrading of workers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimal combinations. Taking Lanzhou lily industry as an example, we analyze the development status of its planting scale expansion, intelligent upgrading of processing and brand value promotion, and reveal the core problems such as the fault of workers’ skills, the intergenerational gap of technical equipment, the lack of germplasm innovation and the failure of system coordination. With the theoretical framework of new quality productivity, we put forward the optimization path of constructing ‘pyramid’ human capital cultivation system, ‘digital twin’ intelligent production system, ‘genotype-phenotype group’ germplasm innovation chain and ‘blockchain + industrial alliance’ collaborative governance ecology, in order to provide a scientific basis for government decision - making and industrial development, a practical paradigm for the industrial upgrading of characteristic agricultural products, and to advance rural revitalization and agricultural modernization.