Abstract: With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the importance of agricultural green total factor productivity has become increasingly prominent. With the sample data of 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China, we explored the relationship between new urbanization and agricultural green total factor productivity. The results show that new urbanization significantly suppresses the improvement of agricultural green total factor productivity. Through mechanism analysis, new urbanization alleviates this suppression through technological progress, environmental regulation, and resource allocation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that this suppression is more pronounced in eastern and northern provinces with higher levels of development, especially after 2010. Furthermore, new urbanization also indirectly mitigates the suppression of agricultural green total factor productivity through spatial spillover effects.