Abstract: Under the strategic guidance of the “dual carbon” goal, we focuses on Gansu Province and analyzes its carbon footprint of agricultural production in depth. The core of the study is to identify and examine several key carbon emission sources, which mainly include farmland soil use, agricultural resource input, main food crops, and animal husbandry. The IPCC carbon emission coefficient method was adopted to quantitatively measure agricultural carbon emissions in Gansu Province from 2012 to 2022. Further, the LMDI model is used to systematically analyze the key factors affecting carbon emissions. The results showed that the carbon emissions from agricultural resource input accounted for 59. 53% of the total agricultural carbon emissions in Gansu Province. Finally, based on the carbon emission sources and influencing factors obtained in this study, agricultural industrial structure, per capita GDP, and urbanization level are identified as the main driving factors affecting agricultural carbon emissions in Gansu Province. We proposes feasible suggestions for agricultural carbon reduction in Gansu Province, aiming to provide references for agricultural low-carbon development in the province and even wider regions.