Abstract: The modernization of the agricultural industry chain is a key driving force for promoting the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. We deconstructs the connotation of modernization of Shanxi's agricultural industry chain, establishes an indicator system, uses entropy weight method to measure the modernization level of Shanxi's agricultural industry chain from 2012 to 2022. At the same time, it compares it with Shaanxi Province, which is also a province with balanced grain production and sales. From 2012 to 2022, the comprehensive level of modernization of Shanxi Province's agricultural industry chain continued to increase, with a slow growth period from 2012 to 2016 and a rapid growth period from 2016 to 2022. The five internal subsystems have shown a trend of increasing, but the magnitude of the changes varies greatly. Shanxi Province is lower than Shaanxi Province in terms of innovation, sustainability, and added value in the agricultural industry chain, and the growth rate is not as high as Shaanxi Province. The gap between the two provinces has a continuous widening trend. The modernization level of Shanxi Province's agricultural industry chain is not high and is still in the initial exploration stage, with unstable development of subsystems. Therefore, we proposes paths to drive the modernization level of Shanxi's agricultural industry chain from the perspectives of chain extension, chain strengthening, and chain supplementation.