Abstract: In the new stage of development, we explored the path of rural infrastructure construction to improve agricultural green total factor productivity, and provides the scientific basis for promoting agricultural green transformation and realizing agricultural and rural modernization.Based on the balanced panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021, we constructs a twoway fixed effects model of panel data to test the influence effect and mechanism of rural infrastructure construction on agricultural green total factor productivity. Rural infrastructure construction can significantly improve agricultural green total factor productivity, which can be achieved mainly by improving resource allocation efficiency and promoting agricultural technological innovation. Furthermore, in terms of infrastructure types, digital rural infrastructure construction has a stronger promotional effect on agricultural green total factor productivity than non-digital rural infrastructure. In terms of grain-producing areas, the rural infrastructure construction in the major grain-selling areas and the balanced production-marketing areas can effectively improve agricultural green total factor productivity. However, the impact of rural infrastructure construction in major grain-producing areas on agricultural green total factor productivity is not significant. To improve agricultural green total factor productivity, it is necessary to increase investment in rural infrastructure construction, formulate regionally differentiated investment strategies for rural infrastructure construction, improve the market-oriented system, and encourage technological innovation and application.