Abstract: Promoting energy transition in rural areas is crucial for advancing rural revitalization and achieving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. This study utilizes panel data from rural households in the mountainous areas of Southwest China to investigate the impact of improved transportation conditions on the green transition of rural household living energy. The analysis utilizes a Random-effect logit model and the Mundlak approach to reveal a significant and positive association between improved transportation conditions and the green transition of rural household living energy. Specifically, rural road hardening increases the probability of households adopting green living energy by 5.45%. Mechanism analysis indicates that improved transportation conditions contribute to this green transition by increasing household income and spreading modern lifestyles. Heterogeneity analysis suggests that households with a higher-educated household head and those residing farther from townships are more likely to benefit from improved transportation conditions for green transition of their living energy. These results provide valuable insights into the determinants of the green transition of living energy in rural households from a supply-side perspective to make the policy on enhancing transportation infrastructure to facilitate the green transition of living energy in rural areas.