Abstract: Starting from the phenomenon of human-wildlife conflict,this paper attempted to construct a theoretical framework for analyzing human-wildlife conflict based on the competition relationship between the needs of human and wild animal survival and development. It defined the two major types of human-wildlife conflict as “type I. conflict” and “type II. conflict”,and it sorted out the pluralistic heterogeneity characteristics of human-wildlife conflict,and analyzed the governance dilemma and causes of human-wildlife conflict,including the drive of economic benefits,the breaking of natural balance,and the overlap of human-animal living space. It also put forward countermeasures and suggestions to effectively resolve human-wildlife conflicts,such as strengthening the monitoring of wildlife resources and improving the compensation mechanism for farmers damaged by human-wildlife conflicts.